Resolving Personal Conflicts Through Assertive Communication Essay

Presentation â€Å"Conflict is a risky circumstance that happens between reliant individuals who look for changed objectives or intends to those objectives (Cahn and Abigail, 2014).† Perceived contrasts can influence the relationship antagonistically if not tended to and is one of the attributes of contention. A need to keep moving about the need to determine the distinctions are is another attributes of contention. While struggle happens in numerous spots †the work environment, between companions, guardians and kids, and so on., one of the most troublesome territories for strife to happen is in a sentimental relationship. Not settling the contention can cause disdain and a hosing of the sentiments towards each other, and the criticalness to determine the distinctions is discernable. I have shared the most recent five years of my existence with a companion and previous beau, Rob, living in a 40 foot pontoon. Living in these confined quarters with somebody that you adore and coexist broadly with would be troublesome, yet living with somebody that causes every day clashes is close to incomprehensible. Ransack has been hitched twice and had been separated for a long time when I met him. His general demeanor towards connections is that in the event that you don't care for what he does, â€Å"you know where the entryway is.† I was told this multiple times during my first year with him. Be that as it may, I thought the great exceeded the terrible. I was a full time boater myself, going in a more established vessel before I met Rob and I adored the way of life. Going with another person and sharing the costs made it workable for you to go a lot a greater number of spots than you could voyaging alone. Dating a man that had some really great characteristics †l ove and sympathy for creatures, great comical inclination, getting a charge out of the drifting way of life also, love of family - and living in a ... ...at, my circumstance Rob was settled by my making confident correspondence strides and mentioning that he look for directing to help manage his misperceptions about ladies. I currently think about Relational Transgressions, Forgiveness and Reconciliation. Be that as it may, those can just happen between two individuals ready to work things out. He can't and I moved out. Furthermore, life is a whole lot better outside of an air of steady clash. Works Cited Cahn, D. D., and Abigail, R. A. (2014).Managing clash through communication(5th ed.). Boston: Pearson. O’Connor, A. (2009). Lee Marvin’s accomplice gave the world ‘palimony’. The Age/World. Recovered from http://www.theage.com.au Tavris, C., and Aaronson, E. (2007). Errors were made (however not by me): Why we legitimize silly convictions, awful choices, and harmful acts. New York: Harcourt.

Simple Japanese Phrases

Basic Japanese Phrases  This is an assortment of simple Japanese expressions. Communicating in Japanese shouldnt be excessively convoluted in any event, for tenderfoots. Attempt these basic expressions at whatever point you get an opportunity. The more you practice, the better you get! The Japanese compositions for each expression are incorporated for your perusing and composing practice. In the event that you have any inquiries, pleaseâ email me. For your benefit I have broken the expressions into three areas. If it's not too much trouble look down to see all areas. Level 1 * Question Words*  Responding*  Responding in Agreement Part1*  Responding in Agreement Part2*  Disagreement Responses*  Refusal*  Request/Command*  Unfavorable Responses*  Praising Appearance*  Praising Characteristics*  Praising Intelligence*  Emergency*  Useful Expressions*  Useful Adjectives*  Basic Verbs*  Useful AdverbsLevel 2 * Greetings* Partings* Asking How* Various Questions Part 1* Various Questions Part 2* Responding in Agreement Part 1* Responding in Agreement Part 2* Disagreement Responses* Refusal* Command* Command (Dont ~)* Encouragement* Surprise* Happiness* Anger* Sadness* Weather* Useful Expressions - At the Restaurant* Useful Expressions - Shopping* Useful Expressions - At a Party Level 3 * Greetings* Various Questions Part 1* Various Questions Part 2* Responding in Agreement* Disagreement Responses* Refusal* Permissions* Command* Common Expressions for the Unknown* Exclamatory Expressions* Expressions of Disappointment* Asking Permissions* Happiness* Anger* Weather* Useful Expressions - At the Restaurant* Useful Expressions - Paying the Bills* Useful Expressions - At a Party/Celebration* Useful Expressions - At the Hotel* Meeting a Famous Japanese Person

Eating Disorders in Twins and Multiples

Eating Disorders in Twins and Multiples Eating Disorders Print Eating Disorders and Twins By Pamela Prindle Fierro Pamela Prindle Fierro is the author of several parenting books and the mother of twin girls.   Learn about our editorial policy Pamela Prindle Fierro Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Joel Forman, MD on February 29, 2016 Joel Forman, MD, is a board-certified pediatrician and associate professor of pediatrics, environmental medicine, and public health at Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Learn about our Medical Review Board Joel Forman, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 James Woodson/Getty Images More in Eating Disorders Symptoms Treatment Diagnosis Awareness and Prevention Is there an association between eating disorders and twins? A quick scan of headlines often seems to link the two subjects, especially with famous and celebrity twins. Did their status as twins have anything to do with their problems? In fact, a 2014 study found that in a survey of more than two million individuals, children that were a multiple were 33 percent more likely to be diagnosed with an eating disorder. Eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa (self-starvation), bulimia nervosa (cycle of binge eating followed with purging by vomiting or use of laxatives) and binge eating (recurrent, compulsive bouts of overeating) are disorders that include extreme emotions, attitudes and behaviors surrounding weight and food issues. While anyone can be a victim of these devastating disorders, the most common sufferers are females in early to mid-adolescence. According to the National Eating Disorder Association  (NEDA), it is estimated that as many as 20 million females and 10 million males suffer from an eating disorder at some point. Causes They are complex conditions that arise from a combination of behavioral, emotional, psychological, interpersonal and social factors. While scientists dont know for sure what causes a person to become unhealthy and anorexic, studying multiples have given them some clues about the genetic impact of the disorder. A study of over 1,000 sets of female twins by the Medical College of Virginia helped scientists identify the risk factors for bulimia. Their research showed that pairs of identical (or monozygotic) twins had a much higher incidence of disorders than fraternal twins. Because identical twins share a genetic link (they have the same DNA), scientists made the connection that heredity plays a role in the disorder.? Some of the other emotional, psychological and environmental factors that cause eating disorders may make twins and multiple particularly susceptible. For example: Feelings of lack of control in lifeHistory of being teased or ridiculed based on sizeCultural norms that value people based on the physical appearance.Overachieving personality Twins are constantly being compared, and often their physical attributes are the basis for comparison and contrast. No matter how much alike they are, the public will always try to distinguish one twin as bigger, thinner, or prettier. Multiples may feel driven to rebel against such labeling or try to gain control over their physical appearance by using food to compensate. Because they are constantly compared to another individual, they may have a distorted body image, always viewing themselves in relation to their co-twin rather than having a true perception of themselves as an individual. Effects of Eating Disorders Eating disorders can be fatal. When someone with anorexic starves herself, her body is denied the essential nutrients it needs to function. The body slows down all its processes to conserve energy, putting the victim at risk for fatigue, weakness, hair loss, muscle loss, bone deterioration and ultimately, heart failure. Bulimia leads to electrolyte imbalances, tooth decay, peptic ulcers, dehydration and can have the potential for gastric rupture, damage to the esophagus, and pancreatitis. Many long-term health risks can be sustained, even after the bulimic ceases her cycle of bingeing and purging such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and heart disease. What Can Parents Do to Protect Their Twins? NEDA makes some recommendations that parents can implement to prevent eating disorders in their children. They include: Educate your kids about weightism and sexism.Avoid overemphasizing beauty and body shape.Discuss the value of a healthy, well-balanced diet combined with moderate exercise.Identify and help children resist the ways that the media presents images based on body type.Promote self-esteem and self-respect by providing opportunities and encouragement. In addition, parents can set a good example for their kids. Dont bemoan the extra pounds of pregnancy or nitpick your bodys flaws in front of your children. Avoid fad dieting, but rather implement a healthy lifestyle for the entire family. Finally, treat your twins or multiples as individuals. Although they cant escape the comparisons inflicted on them by the public, they should feel that they are appreciated for their own merit at home. Avoid emphasizing their physical differences, especially as they grow and develop; rather, celebrate their unique features and abilities.

The Art of Creative Writing by Lajos Egri 4 Main Points You Have to Keep in Mind

The art of creative writing is a well-known and long-practiced activity amongst students in schools. It can be one of the most difficult topics to learn. Of course, creative writing skills are needed in all kinds of papers, but today we are going to talk about non-scientific ones. When learning creative writing, students should infuse the following characteristics into their stories: 1. Emotion One of the aims of a creative writer is to stimulate the emotions of the readers. Your writing should be compelling enough to give an immersive experience to your readers. The characters have to appear real. Your readers should be able to show empathy to the characters. They should be put into the state of mind of imagining what could happen to them if they were the characters. For this to take place, you have to subject the characters to emotions that the audience can easily relate to such as love, hatred, agony, fear, humiliation, etc. Before you could achieve this feat, you should be able to get identified with your characters. You have to know them emotionally. Look around the world, the emotionally-attached events unfold every day. Among them famine and other loving or horrific happenings. This emotion has to be accompanied by suspense. Suspense and emotion are two inextricable qualities of creative writing. One cannot do without the other. 2. Character Improvisation There are situations where you could have little or no knowledge regarding the character(s) of your writing. Due to the fact that characters of your story have to be interrelated, it is necessary to acclimatize yourself to the characters. Get to be an alter ego of the real-life character, ask questions, and gather the needed details. This way, you dont have to balk at the idea of working on a character that you are not familiar with. Many creative writers are successful by merely being keen observers. 3. Source for Ideas Writing ideas dont just fall from the sky. Upcoming writers typically wonder where creative writers get their unending ideas from. The answer to this seeming quandary is quite simple; good writers get their ideas from characters. Characters are the backbone of a story and not an idea or a vivid imagination. The characters have to be lifelike for, example, a fruit, a policeman, teacher, etc. When the character isnt original, the writer will tend to experience the writers block. This is, perhaps, because it lacks enough information. A writer should strive to get enough details about a character. Dont make the selected character have a single trait, make it appear ambiguous while also allowing this ambiguity centering on its major characteristic. This will make the story more compulsive. 4. Role Creation Each character must be assigned a role. They should have specified roles to play in the story. The story may be based on hate, love, cruelty with each character playing a part in dousing or fuelling the emotion associated with the story. Whatsoever the role assigned to the character, there should be the protagonist and the antagonist. A protagonist proposes while an antagonist opposes. Most stories will not be complete without these forms of characters. There you have it! The following are the important thing the creative writer should keep in mind while writing. By following the tips mentioned above, you will be able to create a compelling story.

On April 29, 1974 A Relatively Unknown Freshman Member

On April 29, 1974 a relatively unknown freshman member of the House Judiciary Committee cemented her place in history when she gave a dynamic, honest and edifying speech regarding President Richard Nixon and the illegal and unethical activity surrounding what is now known as â€Å"Watergate†. That woman was Barbara Jordan. After the Watergate scandal broke wide open, the American people had their faith in politicians shaken to the core and trust was at an all-time low. How, then, could the people trust politicians to right the wrong that had been done? What words could be said that would show the people that something good could come from this scandal? Enter Barbara Jordan. A skilled attorney, Jordan became the first African American to be†¦show more content†¦People wanted to see the Constitution upheld and President Nixon be held accountable, they expected new policies that would require transparency and higher ethical standards from elected officials and, not surpr isingly, Barbara Jordan became a shining example of how American politicians can be successful in Washington without compromising the people’s trust. In June of 1972 a break-in at the Watergate Hotel would begin the unraveling of Nixon’s presidency. Burglars were arrested for breaking into the Democratic National Committee headquarters and attempting to wiretap the phones. While it has never been proven that Nixon had prior knowledge of the break-in, his efforts at trying to cover it up, attempted bribes and efforts to impede an FBI investigation sealed his fate with the Judiciary Committee and, eventually, in the court of public opinion. Prior to the Watergate scandal, most of the country’s political dissention was directed at the Vietnam War. And even if people were divided on the issue of the war, at least they felt they weren’t being lied to about it. That all changed with Watergate. At the beginning of the Watergate trials, official polls would show that many people viewed the breach of trust as â€Å"business as usual† in Washington. But, by the end of the summer of 1973, the numbers would swing a way from Nixon’s favor and the American people would be left with a fractured confidence in him and his cohorts. The hearings lasted fromShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesShoot First? 362 12 Leadership 367 What Is Leadership? 368 Trait Theories 369 Behavioral Theories 370 Summary of Trait Theories and Behavioral Theories 372 Contingency Theories 372 The Fiedler Model 373 †¢ Other Contingency Theories 375 Leader–Member Exchange (LMX) Theory 377 Charismatic Leadership and Transformational Leadership 379 Charismatic Leadership 379 †¢ Transformational Leadership 382 Authentic Leadership: Ethics and Trust 386 What Is Authentic Leadership? 386 †¢ Ethics and LeadershipRead MoreBrazil Culture17445 Words   |  70 Pages15 °45†²S 47 °57†²W Largest City Sao Paulo Offical Languages Portuguese Government Federal Republic President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva Vice President Jose Alencar Gomes da Silva Independence From Portugal Declared September 7, 1822 Recognized August 29, 1825 Republic November 15, 1889 Area Total 8.514.877 km square (5th) 3.287.597 sq mile Water (%) 0,65 Population 2005 estimate 187.560.000 (5th) 2000 census 169.799.170 Density 22km sq. (182nd) 57/sq mi. Currency Real ( BRL) Time Zone (UTC-2Read MoreQuality Improvement328284 Words   |  1314 Pagesof Industrial Engineering and Statistics and the Arizona State University Foundation Professor of Engineering. He received his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees from Virginia Polytechnic Institute, all in engineering. From 1969 to 1984 he was a faculty member of the School of Industrial Systems Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology; from 1984 to 1988 he was at the University of Washington, where he held the John M. Fluke Distinguished Chair of Manufacturing Engineering, was Professor ofRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesstatistics education, and in 2003 she received the American Statistical Association’s Founder’s Award, recognizing her contributions to K–12 and undergraduate statistics education. She is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association and an elected member of the International Statistics Institute. Roxy has recentl y completed ï ¬ ve years as the Chief Reader for the Advanced Placement Statistics Exam and currently chairs the American Statistical Association’s Joint Committee with the National Council of

Top Behavior Essay Topics Secrets

Top Behavior Essay Topics Secrets The New Fuss About Behavior Essay Topics Who knows, perhaps you will get inspired enough to be a pioneer in your area too and share the knowledge with the remainder of us. Analyze the way the show works to create the game interesting not just for the contestants but also for the viewing audience. The perfect way to summarize an essay is to start with reading it through a very first time quickly. The Honest to Goodness Truth on Behavior Essay Topics Whether you're using anonline essay writingservice, or you're writing your own thesis you will need to understand a great intro and a terrible intro. You've got no clue where to begin. Write a reply to the article which indicates what you think of the thoughts and arguments. Create your own success story now! 1 thing I learned was to also take a look at research and make a kind of informal literature review. Consider your essay's thesis for a promise to your audience about what sort of analysis you've made for the books and help it become specific. In an exploratory paper, you are requested to look past the obvious answers as a way to locate different points of view which can at times help in solving the issue. Teachers and professors don't need to find that you comprehend the plot of a story. Whispered Behavior Essay Topics Secrets Gather sources for your topic from the world wide web and library that you believe can help you answer the question. Such secondary sources incorporate other literature review of different works. Within this article you will find 20 major topics, with a couple subtopics for each one. Afterward, devote a good analysis and description to every one of the 3 subtopics. The Bad Side of Behavior Essay Topics Inside my experience, descriptive essays are onl y difficult in regards to deciding just what things to write about. The literature also needs to be an original work. Present a Simile or Metaphor Similes and metaphors are some of the the most effective linguistic devices out there. Getting more proactive is basically a practice of mindfulness. The very first step of writing an excellent reflective essay is picking a topic, so choose wisely! Clearly Establishing Your Purpose With your reader's attention presently in place, you have to be sure that you also directly cover the question or prompt to which you are requested to respond. Add stories into the majority of your writing. The more specific you're, the simpler it is going to be to prove it in your essay. Now you're ready to seek out some articles to utilize in your paper. To begin with, choose what you wish to do with your paper. Don't forget, you do not need to summarize the whole research paper just mention the relevant points and attempt to earn a quick breakdown of the important and relevant points of your thesis. Furthermore, appendices could be necessary at the conclusion of the paper. Writing can be a terrifying act, particularly if you don't do it frequently. The author ought to choose a side, and then research to discover examples that prove their points. An exploratory paper is normal in businesses when they're trying to come across a remedy to an issue and will need to receive all of the potential perspectives and data available. Promoting products via social networking influencers can be categorized as a sort of subconscious advertising. To put it differently, the range of greenwashing strategies and company scandals in recent years result in reduction of consumer trust to companies that engage in green marketing. Technology or social networking topics are something which everyone would like to investigate because so a lot of us are concerned about our own use of phone and societal media. The New Fuss About Behavior Essay Topics You can do better, even in the event you believe you can't. In the majority of cases, the shift is trivial. Usually, it's tough to pinpoint the precise start of a big literary movement. The Behavior Essay Topics Cover Up Re-read all those sentences and you need to have each of the key ideas of the essay. The word Abstract ought to be centered horizontally with no distinctive formatting. Whatever hook you select, make sure it is something which is most appropriate for the sort of essay you are going to be writing. It is all dependent on the form of essay you're writing, and what type of hook you think you are most comfortable writing. Creativity, or making up ideas, is quite easy once you aren't hoping to really address a problem right at the present time. You must find something which you need to write about, something which will continue to keep your attention throughout the duration of the undertaking, and something that others are going to want to read. Notice your reactive behaviour once it occurs, in the present ti me. In order to assess something, you will need to compare it with the ideal example of that specific thing. Don't neglect to think about movies or books you might know that may offer you good ideas. Business blogging is a significant commitment. Write about the company tools you use each day. Write your organization manifesto.

Mathematics in Production and Inventory Control Free Samples

Question: Discuss About Mathematics In Production And Inventory Control? Answer: Introducation: Use of maths in the daily life in order to improve the quality and efficiency of daily life is common. Use of the data can help in the overall development process of better understanding of the subject. The formulas and theories in maths have been used as a part of the practical life can be used in the business companies in order to get better knowledge about the sales and manufacturing unit of the organization. Maths can be used in the production and inventory control process, which is used to determine the expected outcome of the company at the end of each fiscal year. It is important to have a clear idea about the importance of maths and formulas and techniques that are used in the production unit, which will help in the better understating of the subject. The branch of applied maths is one of the major parts of the modern day industrial department of manufacture that is used for better understanding of the knowledge related to the requirements of the raw materials (Kovar 2016). The complex and sophisticated formulas that are used in the maths can be used in the terms related to business analytics and also help in the process of future production of the manufacturing unit. Reys et al. (2016), have mentioned about the importance of data that are used in the manufacturing unit of an industry. The data that are used in the production unit are used as a part, can be stored as in the latest database. When the data from databases are collected for future reference, the industrial analyst uses the mathematical formulas in order to process and gain knowledge from the data. This data can help the business executives to make plan of the future of a company and also prepare policies for the marketing strategy. The logistics and the warehouse use the formulas for maths in order to increase the efficiency and thereby have better quality of performance. This process was initiated from the year 1950, which helps in better delivery of products. According to Pinheiro and Hamacher (2015), the linear programming formulas is used as part of the algorithms and designing techniques for the production unit. All the larger scale business units are making use of the entry level maths formulas, in order to better understanding of the business analysis process. With the help of the effective mathematical formulas, it is possible to develop the scientific critical evaluation process of the production unit of an industry. It is important for the stakeholders of the company to understand the importance of the application of scientific evaluation process. In this context, English and David (2015) have stated that the area of mathematical arrangement is an interesting as it helps to combine formulas of maths, statistics along with the values of computer science. The engineering formulas can also be applied in the context that it will help to deal with the matters related to the formulas that are used in the operational management. The problems at the operational level of management can also be resolved with the help of math formulas. The mathematical economics is the department of education, which primarily helps in the areas related to the production unit of the industry. Different formulas of geometry, calculus and algebra can be used in the overall process (Fernandes et al. 2016). One of the major advantages of the use of the mathematical formulas is that it can help in the overall process of understanding the logics and formulation process. The theoretical process of overall understanding of the rigour of the research area can also be defined with the help of the overall process of the further research in the relevant topic. The classical formulas that are used in the overall process can be used to enhance the understanding of the math subject and also have better level of knowledge. There are many random variables that are used in the overall process, which can be a significant part of the overall areas of the process of the formulation that is needed in the production unit. With the help of the mathematical formulas, it is positive to deal with all the random values related to the production unit of an industry (Yu et al. 2014). Inventory Control With the help of the inventory control, it is possible to control the stock values of a company, which helps to deal with the operational management of a company. It is the duty of most of the company operations, to deal with the subject related to the values of stocks and other sales related matters. With the help of the mathematical formulas, it is possible to deal with most important issues, which are related with the profit level of the company. With the help of the inventory control, uses the formulas of maths and other related matters, which can help to deal with better understandings (Frisch 2014). The term related to stock control system helps to predict the future condition of the market. The theories related to the inventory will have to be dealt with matters related to the operational research of the company. The matters related to the inventory can be dealt with mathematical formulas. The scientific modes of theories related to inventory can be formulated using the mathem atical formulas that can help to deal with matters related to inventory control. It is also possible to have a optimal inventory policies that helps to deal with the models related to the inventory practice. The mathematical formulas can also help to deal with matters related to the information processing system, which helps to maintain the records related to the inventory practice. The information of the current inventory practice can help to deal with various investment levels, which is responsible for the application of the various business policies. With the help of mathematical formulas, it is also possible to deal with the replenishment of the inventory. There are mainly two types of model that can be used as the mode of replenishment, which includes stochastic and deterministic model. The mathematical formulas help to estimate the demand of the certain products related to inventory. With the help of information in the inventory unit, it is possible to have decided upon the po licies related to the production unit a company. Hence, from the statistical data that is obtained, it is possible to predict the future trends of a company. The demand of a certain products in the market can be predicted with the help of related formulas related to the inventory. The deterministic model needs is used during the time, when the demand can be predicted. On the other hand, in case of the stochastic model, it is not possible to make prediction of the future demand. It can be said in the context that with the help of the mathematical formulas, it is possible to include more parameters of production within the deterministic model (Michalski 2013). With the help of the further research it is possible to explore the application of theoretical formulas of maths in the matters related to the production and inventory. This will help all business organization to predict the future and also deal with the matters related to future sales and also future level of profit. The cost that may be involved in the overall process of production can also be predicted with the help of the theory equations of maths. The company can also discover ways to enhance the rate of the production unit, which will help in the overall process of manufacture. It is also possible to deal with the matters related to the cost and also ensure that the cost of the production can be reduced with the help of most of the matters related to the increase the level of profits. It is essential for a company to ensure that they produce in the bulk amounts, which can reduce the cost of per unit cost of materials. The cost of thee production thus, can be compromised. With help of the inventory related matters, it is essential for the perfect application of the mathematical formulas, it is possible to predict the relevant matters related to the stock values of the company. Better application will also help to deal with the future prediction of the stock values of the company. Hence, it can be said the research work related to the application maths in the production and inventory will help in the matters related to improvement of the business process and also ensure that future of a company is stable as it aims to improve upon the sales record and also ensure that proper data and information are used and processes of securing the future of the company. The applications of maths formals and equations can be used to control the overall process of manufacturing and production of a company. The jobs that are dedicated in the inventory control require high level of knowledge in the mathematics department. Spinal degree also need to there in maths in order to perform the branch of the jobs. Reference English, Lyn D., and David Kirshner, eds.Handbook of international research in mathematics education. Routledge, 2015. Fernandes, Filipe Santos. "HISTORY OF SCIENTIFIC AND ACADEMIC PRODUCTION IN MATHEMATICS EDUCATION: REPRESENTATION, INSTITUTION AND POLICY."Philosophy of Mathematics Education Journal31 (2016). Frisch, Michael B. "Quality-of-life-inventory." InEncyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, pp. 5374-5377. Springer Netherlands, 2014. Kovar, Justin. "From Basement Storage to Online Access: Processing and Digitizing the Mathematical Association of America General Mathematics Film Production Elements."Provenance, Journal of the Society of Georgia Archivists34, no. 1 (2016): 8. Michalski, Grzegorz. "Value-based inventory management." (2013). Pinheiro De Oliveira, F., and S. Hamacher. "Programming production refineries using programming mathematics and genetic algorithms (Programao da Produo de Refinarias Utilizando Programao Matemtica e Algoritmos Genticos)." (2015): 239-257. Reys, Barbara, and Robert Reys. "A Recent History of the Production of Doctorates in Mathematics Education."Notices of the AMs63, no. 8 (2016). Yu, Jianjun, Wenguang Liang, and Jing Zha. "Production planning based on mathematics methods and software technology."BioTechnology: An Indian Journal10, no. 24 (2014)

Fdi- Boon or Bane Essay Example

Fdi- Boon or Bane Essay FDI IN INDIAN RETAIL SECTOR ABSTRACT: The research paper aims to understand whether the FDI policy introduced in the Retail sector in India is a Boon or a Bane. The paper gives an outlook of the Indian Retail Sector, its growth trajectories and its contribution to the national GDP. It also entails in detail the policy of FDI in this sector and its various clauses. The paper, in the end, talks about the benefits of implementing the FDI policy, and also what disadvantages it possess. 1. OVERVIEW OF INDIAN RETAIL SECTOR Indian retail sector is the most booming sector in the Indian economy and largest sources of employment after agriculture. Trade or retailing is the single largest component of the services sector in terms of contribution to GDP. Its massive share of 14% is double the figure of the next largest broad economic activity in the sector. India is the second most attractive retail destination ‘globally from among thirty emergent markets. It has made India the cause of a good deal of excitement and the cynosure of many foreign eyes. With a contribution of 14% to the national GDP and employing 7% of the total workforce (only agriculture employs more) in the country, the retail industry is definitely one of the pillars of the Indian economy. It is undergoing a transitional phase to usher organized retail. The attitudinal shifts of the Indian consumers were in terms of â€Å"Choice Preference†, â€Å"Value for money’ and the emergence of organized retail format. The overall Indian retail sector is expected to rise to US $ 833 billion by 2013 and to US $ 1. 3 trillion by 2018. We will write a custom essay sample on Fdi- Boon or Bane specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Fdi- Boon or Bane specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Fdi- Boon or Bane specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In line with the global developments in the retail industry, Indian retail is largely dominated by the unorganized retailers. It has witnessed a massive transition in the last decade. Of the total retail sales, the food and grocery segment constitute the major chunk. Growing in tandem with the economy is the Indian retail sector. The sector is on a high growth trajectory and is expected to grow by more than 27 per cent over the next 5 to 6 years. Initially it was predominately fragmented through the owner- run â€Å"Mom and Pop Outlets†. The change in lifestyle, education, travel and disposable income has changed the pattern of consumption. Customers are aware of their surroundings and developments. The awareness was created through the advent of technology such as television, cable and satellite channels. They are accustomed to the organized retail format. Understanding the pulse or trend of the market the large corporate groups like ITC, Reliance, Tata, Rahejia and others are infusing staggering amounts of capital into organized retail sector. Some of the leading Indian retailers who had tapped this market were Bata India Ltd, Big Bazaar, Crossword, Ebony Retail Holdings Ltd. , Food Bazaar, Globus Stores Pvt. Ltd. , Liberty shoes Ltd. , Music World Entertainment Ltd. , Pantaloon Retail India Ltd. , Shoppers Stop, Subhiksha, Titan Industries, Trent, Benetton, Addidas, Reebok, Levis, Diary Farm, KFC, Metro, WalMart, Marks Spencer’s etc are some of the popular global retail brands that have set up retail business in India. The organized retail sector comes with the concept of malls, supermarkets and department stores. Like Subhiksha, Marks Spencer’s, Oberon etc it gives a different feeling and the environment of pick and choose from a variety of products. The modern retail formats are encouraging development of well-established and efficient supply chains in each segment ensuring efficient movement of goods from farms to kitchens, which will result in huge savings for the farmers as well as for the nation. The Government also stands to gain through more efficient collection of tax revenues. In the coming years it can be said that the hypermarket route will emerge as the most preferred format for international retailers stepping into the country. At present, there are 50 hypermarkets operated by four to five large retailers spread across 67 cities catering to a population of half-a-million or more. Estimates indicate that this sector will have the potential to absorb many more hypermarkets in the next four to five years. According to World Bank report, it is suggested to have an organized retail sector so that it is easy to have a direct control on the price mechanism and to control on the macro economic variables. Strengths 1. India attracted US$16. 9bn in foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in 2006, according to the UN Conference on Trade and Development – a 153% year-on year increase. 2. A cheap, skilled, English-speaking workforce can do the jobs of Western workers for a fraction of the wages paid in North America or Europe. 3. Average annual GDP growth of 7. 7% is predicted by BMI through to 2016. With the population expected to increase from 1. 26bn in 2012 to 1. 32bn by 2016, GDP per capita is forecast to rise 77. % by the end of the forecast period, reaching US$2,980. 4. The value of the retail segment is expected to grow from an estimated INR22. 53trn (US$489. 80bn) in 2012 to INR27. 73trn (US$739. 56bn) by 2016. Weaknesses 1. The competitiveness of local firms is undermined by official red tape, from foreign investment restrictions to inflexible labor laws. 2. Intellectual property rights are poorly protected in India, one of 12 countries on the 2009 priority watch list com piled by the US Trade Representative. 3. The rural population of India represents more than 70% of the total, while almost 37% is classified as not economically active by the UN. This is a major obstacle for retailers seeking to rapidly expand their customer base. Opportunities 1. India could enhance the competitiveness of the local industry through further liberalization and deregulation. 2. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh is eager to reform the banking sector to increase the availability of long-term financing, particularly for large infrastructure projects. 3. The value of the OTC drug sector is forecast to grow by more than 94% by 2016, when it will be worth an estimated US$6. 58bn. Threats: 1. The arrival of Western players, including management consultancy Accenture and technology company IBM, is raising local wages in the outsourcing sector. 2. China remains a major competitor for FDI flows into India. India has excessive bureaucracy and poor infrastructure in comparison with China, which attracted US$60. 6bn of FDI in 2005. 3. International retailers are restricted by India’s strict FDI regulations. Single-brand retailers are able to own a 51% majority stake in a joint venture with a local partner, but multi-brand retailers must operate through a franchise or cash-and-carry wholesale model. 2. WHAT IS FDI Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) or foreign investment refers to the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more or voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital of the long term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of parameters. It usually involves participation in management joint-venture, transfer technology, and expertise. There are two types of FDI: inward foreign direct investment and outward foreign direct investment resulting in a net FDI inflow (positive or negative) and â€Å"stock of foreign direct investment† and outward foreign direct investment, which is the cumulative number for a given period. Direct investment excludes investment through purchase of shares. FDI is one example of international factor movement. 3. FDI IN RETAIL: IT ALL BEGAN IN 2006 In 2006 the Indian government took the first step to promote organized retail in India by opening up single brand retailing to FDI. There are five entry routes through which the international players enter into the market, such as franchising, cash and carry wholesale trading, joint venture, manufacturing and distribution. Government of India permitted 100 per cent FDI in cash and carry wholesale formats through automatic route and up to 51 per cent FDI in single brand retail through Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB). This rule made the international brand much easier to enter into the Indian retail market. Through this agreement Reebok, Nokia and Adidas entered the Indian market. However the franchising is one of the way through which small retailers embrace organized retailing through brand association where there’s a scope for leveraging business operations. The 100 per cent FDI permits for cash and carry has paved the way for retail giants like German Based Metro and US based Wal-Mart to set up their shops in India. Reliance Retail had made a tie up with UK based Marks Spencer to float an equal joint venture and this would scale up 1400 stores by the end of the next fiscal year. The benefits of FDI investment in the retail sector were: 1. It improves the quality in products and services because of higher competition 2. Improved the lifestyle 3. Economies of scale would help lower consumer prices and increase the purchasing power of the consumer 4. The technology upgraded the system in terms of logistics, production and distribution channels. It adds as a driver in the Supply Chain Management. . The FDI investment will help in flourishing and developing the retail segment. 6. It not only promotes tourism and would develop skills and manpower. 4. FDI NOW IN RETAIL Indias retailing industry is essentially owner manned small shops. In 2010, larger format convenience stores and supermarkets accounted for about 4 percent of the industry, and these were present only in large urban centers Until 2011, Indian central government denied foreign direct investment (FDI) in multi-brand retail, forbidding foreign groups from any ownership in supermarkets, convenience stores or any retail outlets. Even single-brand retail was limited to 51% ownership and a bureaucratic process. In November 2011, Indias central government announced retail reforms for both multi-brand stores and single-brand stores. These market reforms paved the way for retail innovation and competition with multi-brand retailers such as  Walmart,  Carrefour  and  Tesco, as well single brand majors such as  IKEA, Nike, and  Apple. In January 2012, India approved reforms for single-brand stores welcoming anyone in the world to innovate in Indian retail market with 100% ownership, but imposed the requirement that the single brand retailer source 30 percent of its goods from India. Indian government continues the hold on retail reforms for multi-brand stores. On 14 September 2012, the government of India announced the opening of FDI in multi-brand retail, subject to approvals by individual states. This decision has been welcomed by economists and the markets, however has caused protests and an upheaval in Indias central governments political coalition structure. On 20 September 2012, the Government of India formally notified the FDI reforms for single and multi brand retail, thereby making it effective under Indian law. On 7 December 2012, the Federal Government of India allowed 51% FDI in multi-brand retail in India. The Feds managed to get the approval of multi-brand retail in the parliament despite heavy uproar from the opposition. The government of Manmohan Singh, prime minister, announced on 24 November 2011 the following: * India will allow foreign groups to own up to 51 per cent in multi-brand retailers, as supermarkets are known in India, in the most radical pro-liberalisation reform passed by an Indian cabinet in years; * Single brand retailers, such as Apple and IKEA, can own 100 percent of their Indian stores, up from the previous cap of 51 percent; * Both multi-brand and single brand stores in India will have to source nearly a third of their goods from small and medium-sized Indian suppliers; * All multi-brand and single brand stores in India must confine their operations to 53-odd cities with a population over one million, out of some 7935 towns and cities in India. It is expected that these stores will now have full access to over 200 million urban consumers in India; * Multi-brand retailers must have a minimum investment of US$100 million with at least half of the amount invested in back end infrastructure, including cold chains, refrigeration, transportation, packing, sorting and processing to considerably reduce the post harvest losses and bring remunerative prices to farmers; * The opening of retail competition will be within Indias federal structure of government. In other words, the policy is an enabling legal framework for India. The states of India have the prerogative to accept it and implement it, or they can decide to not implement it if they so choose. Actual implementation of policy will be within the parameters of state laws and regulations. The opening of retail industry to global competition is expected to spur a retail rush to India. It has the potential to transform not only the retailing landscape but also the nations ailing infrastructure. A Wall Street Journal article claims that fresh investments in Indian organized retail will generate 10 million new jobs between 2012–2014, and about five to six million of them in logistics alone; even though the retail market is being opened to just 53 cities out of about 8000 towns and cities in India. It is expected to help tame stubbornly high inflation but is likely to be vehemently opposed by millions of small retailers, who see large foreign chains as a threat. The need to control food price inflation—averaging double-digit rises over several years—prompted the government to open the sector, analysts claim. Traders add huge mark-ups to farm prices, while offering little by way of technical support to help farmers boost their productivity, packaging technology, pushing up retail prices significantly. Big foreign retailers would provide an impetus for them to set up modern supply chains, with refrigerated vans, cold storage and more efficient logistics. Foreign chains can also bring in humongous logistical benefits and capital; the biggest beneficiary would be the small farmers who will be able to improve their productivity by selling directly to large organized players. 5. ADVANTAGES 1. Huge Market Size and a Fast Developing Economy India is the second largest country in the world just behind China in terms of population. Currently the total population is about 1. 2 billion. This huge population base automatically makes a huge market for the business operators to capture and also a major part of it is still can be considered as un-served or not yet been penetrated. Therefore FDI investors automatically get a huge market to capture and also ample opportunity to generate cash inflows at relatively quicker times. The economy of India is also moving at faster pace than most of the economy of the world and inhabitants of the country also obtaining purchasing power at the same rate. 2. Availability of Diversified Resources and Cheap Labor Force The huge advantage every company gets by investing in India is the availability of diversified resources. It is a country where different kinds of materials and technological resources are available. India is a huge country and has forest as well as mining and oil reserve as well. These are also coupled with availability of very cheap labor forces at almost every parts of the country. From Mumbai which is in the west to Bengal which is in the east there is ample opportunity to set up business venture and location and most importantly labor is available at low cost. 3. Increasing Improvement of Infrastructure A lot of research study in India finds out that historically the country fails to attract a significant amount of FDI mainly because of problems in infrastructure. But the scenario is changing. The Indian government has taken huge projects in transportation and energy sectors to improve the case. The projects for developing road transport is worth of $90 billion, for rail it has undertaken several projects each worth of $20 million and for ports and airports the value of development projects is around $ 80 billion. In addition the investment in energy development is worth of $ 167 billion and investment in nuclear energy development is outside that calculation. These huge investments are changing the investment climate in the country and investors will benefit hugely by that (Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, 2005; Dua Rasheed, 1998). 4. Public Private Partnerships Another significant advantage foreign investors experience in India today is the opportunities of PPP or Public private Partnership in different important sectors like energy, transportation, mining, oil industry etc. It is advantageous in several ways as it has eliminated the traditional tirade barriers and also joint venture with government is risk free up to the great extent (GOI, 2007; IMF, 2005; Nagaraj, 2003). 5. IT Revolution and English Literacy Today the modern India considered being one of the global leaders in IT. India has developed its IT sectors immensely in last few years and as of today many leading firms outsource their IT tasks in India. Because of IT advancement the firm which will invest in India will get cheap information access and IT capabilities as Indian firms are global leader. Along with that Indian youth are energetic and very capable in English language which is obligatory in modern business conduction. This capability gives India an edge over others. Foreign firms also find it profitable and worthy investment by recruiting Indian HR (GOI, 2006; GOI, 2007; IMF, 2005; Lall, 2002). 6. Openness towards FDI Recently the Government of India has liberalized their policies in certain sectors, like Increase in the FDI limits in different sectors and also made the approval system far easier and accessible. Unlike the historical tradition, today for investing in India government approval do not require in the special cases of investing in various important sectors like energy, transportation, telecommunications etc (Economic Department, 2005; GOI, 2007; Nagaraj, 2003). . Regulatory Framework and Investment Protection In the process of accelerating FDI in the country the government of India has make the regulatory framework lot more flexible. Now a day’s foreign investors get different advantages of tax holiday, tax exemptions, exemption of service and central taxes. The government also opened few special economic zones and investors of those zones also get a lot of befits by investing money. Apart from that there are number of laws has been passed and executed for making the investments safe and secure for the foreign investors (IMF, 2005; Nagaraj, 2003; Planning Commission of India, 2002; World Bank, 2004). FDI can be a powerful catalyst to vigorous competition in the retail industry, due to the current scenario of low competition and poor productivity. FDI will help if farmers can bargain. Villages only know how to produce things. We have to tell them how to market their produce, how to do value addition. One of the things we have talked about a lot in the book is cooperative farming. In India, farmers have small holding but they form a cooperative, it becomes a large holding and then form a cooperative, it becomes a large holding and then the farmer has bargain power. FDI will accelerate retail market growth, providing more employment opportunities. It s a basic principle that creating competition in general is good for the market. But the doubt is that, since proper procurement and distribution system and the infrastructure is not fixed, how the rest will fall in place, when the giant retailers enter our market. Back-end procurement will still remain big problem. Sumita Kale, economi st, in his statement says that â€Å"the debate that by-introducing 51 percent FDI, a lot of money will flow out of the country is an old school of thought. Lots of our Indian companies are operating abroad and have successfully contributed to our economy. The bigger issue is that with benefits we might end up paying a price hence we must work on a reasonable solution. As mentioned earlier the farmer will benefit from FDI as they will be able to get better prices for their produce. The elimination of the intermediate channels in that procurement process will lead to reduction of prices for consumers. Foreign brand will promote healthy completion in market. Every time the government brings up the subject of FDI, the domestic retailers with the support of some politician jump to lobby against the bill. As the government initializing the FDI, there is bound to be some problems, which can definitely be resolved. The government in near future can appoint a regulating body to monitor the retail sector just like other sectors. There will be lot of man power requirement when FDI starts, logistic demands will be more, and people to serve in these stores will get jobs. Managerial positions will open up. Technological requirements and software developments will increase based on the Indian market software needs will be changed. Infrastructure and building constructions will take place. The living conditions will change, good roads will come up. There will be good flow of money that flows these are major benefits of FDI. 6. DISADVANTAGES Customers feel that retail stores offer better deals, but they don’t realize that they end up paying and buying more than what is required. If 51 percent FDI is allowed in multi brand, it will teach the local retailers about real competition and help in ensuring that they give better service to Indian consumers. It is obviously good for local completion and there are no consequences of our local kirana shops disappearing. The Kirana stores operate in a different environment catering to certain set of customers and they will continue to find new ways to retain them. Kirana stores are convinced that stores all big stores will be set up far away from the city and the travel time in India will not help us to go often and buy things from these large stores. Large store buying will help only in bulk purchases. So there is no need to fear about the FDI investment in this context. Investing in India definitely has some negative sides as well. Most noticeably India considered as a huge market but a major portion of that is a lower and middle class person who still suffers from budget shortage. The infrastructure of the country also needs to be improved a lot and already it is under huge strain. There are also problems exists in the power demand shortfall, port traffic capacity mismatch, poor road conditions deal with an inefficient and sometimes still slow-moving bureaucracy. The huge market in India is an advantage but it is also very diverse in nature. India has 17 official languages, 6 major religions, and ethnic diversity as wide as all of Europe. This makes the tasks difficult for the companies to make appropriate product or service portfolio. India is not a member of the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes also not of the New York Convention of 1958. That make life bit difficult for the foreign investors. India still has a heavy regulation burden among other countries, for example the time taken to start business or to register a property is higher in India. Similarly, indirect taxes, entry-exit barriers and import duties have been major disadvantages (Nagaraj, 2003; Planning Commission of India, 2002; USITC, 2007; World Bank, 2004). KEYWORDS: Retail, FDI, SME, Multi-brand, Single-brand REFERENCES: 1) Amanpreet Kang. (2012). Evaluating Effects of FDI In Developing Economies: The Curious Case of Pharmaceutical Companies. ABS, Amity University Rajasthan (ISSN 2230 7230) 2) Anonymous. (11 Feb, 2008;). FDI reforms. Business Asia. 3) Anu Antony. (July December 2009). The Transitional Shift Of Indian Market Space And FDI In Retail. Globsyn Management Journal. 4) Dr Surender Kumar Gupta. (Feb 2012). FDI and Indian Retail Sector-The Path Ahead. International Journal of Marketing and Technology (ISSN: 2249 1058). 5) Prof. G. V. Bhavani Prasad, E. Hari Prasad Sharma (June 2012). Impact Of FDI on Economic Development of India. International Journal of Marketing and Technology (ISSN: 2249 1058). 6) H. S. Yadav, Sangeeta Jauhari. (2011-2012). Foreign Direct Investment and Retail Trade in India (The Consequences under Globalization). Skyline Business Journal. 7) M. Chackochen and Pon Ramalingam. (April June, 2012). FDI Investment: Retail Franchising. SCMS Journal of Indian Management.. 8) Tarun Kanti Bose. (1 May, 2012). Advantages and Disadvantages of FDI in China and India. International Business Research. 9) Anonymous. (2012). India Retail Report. Business Monitor International. 10) Seth, Smriti. (29 Nov 2011). FDI in retail to make consumers king? 122 mn consumers set to gain [Retailing]. The Economic Times. 11) Arati R Jerath. (04 Dec 2011). FDI in retail: Is it another nuclear deal moment?. The Economic Times. 12) Rai, Manmohan. (16 Sep 2012). FDI in retail is anti-farmer and anti-small retailers, says UP Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav. The Economic Times. 13) Sen, Amiti. (26 Mar 2012). FDI in retail: Local sourcing seems to work well in multi-brand retail, but not in single brands. The Economic Times. 14) Anonymous. (11 July 2012). FDI in single-brand retail: No policy change, DIPP to put IKEAs concerns in FIPB court. The Economic Times. 15) Accord Fintech. (28 Jan 2012). SMEs support FDI in multi brand retail: CII Survey. The Economic Times. 16) Ghosal, Sutanuka; Srinivas, Nidhi Nath. (02 Dec 2011). FDI in India: Farmer bodies throw their weight behind retail FDI. The Economic Times. 17) www. ebsco. com 18) www. proquest. com

L 1 9 - Presentation Skills ( 2 ) Essays - Visual Arts, Free Essays

L 1 9 - Presentation Skills ( 2 ) Essays - Visual Arts, Free Essays L 1 9 - Presentation Skills ( 2 ) The Question and Answer Session The audience may show their interest in your presentation by asking questions, seeking clarification, or commenting on the content. You should welcome questions and always be polite to the questioner. 1397014795500 Why is the Q and A session important? Watch the video clip "Q and A". Task 1 - Challenges from the audience 399605518859500 558673028321000 Complete exercises 6.4 - 6.6 on pages 104-105 of your textbook. [CD Track 24] Task 2 - Asking for and giving more information Complete exercises 7.1 - 7.2 on page 131 of your textbook. [CD Track 32] If an audience member asks you a question but you can't hear him very well, ask him to repeat the question . F or example: I'm sorry, could you say that again? Could you repeat the question please? I'm afraid I didn't quite catch that. If you are not sure exactly what the question means, you might want to check that you have interpreted it correctly . F or example: Am I correct in thinking that? Do you mean? Are you saying that? Does this mean that? If you really don't know the answer to a question, you could politely thank the questioner and say: Thank you for your question. I'm not exactly sure about that. I'll try to find out and let you know later. Visual Aids Many speakers in presentations present words and images visually using PowerPoint, overhead transparencies (OHT), a whiteboard or blackboard, or a flip chart. These v isual aids are intended to enhance your presentation and to help your audience understand it more clearly. The best presentations are generally those where the presenters address the audience directly without reading from a prepared script . Visual aids help you to achieve this by becoming your prompts, reminding you briefly of the main points you want to make during your talk, and by helping your audience to follow what you are saying. PowerPoint Presentations PowerPoint is becoming the norm at many professional presentations because of its ease of use and the variety of functions it offers. In your presentation, you are strongly encouraged to use PowerPoint slides to illustrate your ideas. These slides should support, but not take over, your presentation . They can provide a change of focus for the audience, but should not distract their attention, so it is important that the aids be relevant and complementary. 4351077-1524000 Your PowerPoint slides should: have a clear layout with plenty of space; use large plain fonts (minimum 20 points); be in note form but n ot in paragraphs ; contain accurate English with no spelling mistakes; use clearly visible colours for contrast. For academic presentations, it is best not to add irritating sounds or too many transition effects which detract from what you are saying. Cartoon-style clip art can appear rather frivolous when presenting serious data. Animated figures, while appropriate in other settings, can send confusing signals to an academic audience. Avoid the temptation to put all your script on to slides. Too many slides can be distracting to your audience and can lead to disaster if they become mixed up. Try to limit the number of slides to one or two for every minute of talking. 532014515528600 Task 3 Your Lecturer is going to show you 4 examples of PowerPoint p resentations . In groups, w atch the presentations and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each of them . Be prepared to report back to the class. PowerPoint 1 PowerPoint 2 PowerPoint 3 PowerPoint 4 Task 4 Watch the youtube video entitled " Don McMillan: Life After Death by PowerPoint " (4m24s) and arrange the following mistakes in the order as mentioned by the speaker in the video. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lpvgfmEU2Ck F Most common PowerPoint mistakes 42386251778000 A. clashing background and font colors B. using the default font casually C. overusing bullet points D. forgetting to run spell check E. too many animation effects F. too many slides G. too much data in slides H. putting every word you say on the slide I. using irritating sound effects J. forgetting to cite the sources 44177532921000 Task 5 - Preparing slides for presentations Complete exercise 7.1

Independent Study Php vs Asp.net Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Independent Study Php vs Asp.net - Dissertation Example Determining the different properties that controls the degree of scaling also provide a strong prove that the scalability scope entirely depend on the ability of the programmer to come up with a program that is error free and can be expanded. The difference in their cost is brought about by the fact that PHP is an open source programming language while ASP.net is commercial. The ability of the previous to run on a number of flat form such as Linux, Apache, and mySQL makes to be preferred since the cost is relatively low. As far as the time that it takes to deploy the program, PHP code is half that of ASP.net. This again gives the previous an advantage over the lather. In general the choice of the language greatly relay of the organizations need and their financial ability in terms of fund that has been set aside for the project. The following is a critical analysis of the different factors of the two languages. . PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor is a language that is categorized as server -side. This means that the scenario works on the server that is used on the web, and not on the browser of the user. Compared to other scripting languages like Perl and Java, PHP is still new but is fast becoming one of the most popular programming languages?on the Internet 1. ... When a programmer is creating a program, he or she should ensure that the program can be modified to change how it works. As a professional programmer, one knows thee different programming techniques and methodologies. To ensure that the program that you develop can address the issues of maintenance and scalability, one should use the best programming practices that best serves the web-based application. The programming framework also cannot be undermined since it is a basic factor that will affect the scalability and ease of maintenance. A program that has a sequential structure can be expanded so easily and at the same time, any weakness that can be realized when the program or rather the system has been implemented can be corrected without having to come up with a completely new version. Lastly are the laid programming standards and instructions which are always overlooked by many programmers. Though the impact of this factor is not realized during the deployment of the program, i t is so evident when it comes to maintenance of a program. The standards stipulate the minimum threshold and requirement for specific programs and also the implication of ignoring some steps that may seem unimportance. These guidelines will also become the basis of scaling a program. PHP can be expanded with a lot of ease. Any programmer who can code in C can create more functions that can be integrated in the major program and having less effects on the functionality of the program. In addition, there are other code and program manipulation that asp d not have but are inbuilt in PHP. Some features such as data compression and fusion, file transfer protocol, XML and encryption ate inbuilt in

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Occupational Safety and Health - Essay Example Department of Labor, Occupational Safety & Health Administration). For achieving the specified reductions in the incidence of fatalities, injuries or illnesses OSHA will adopt a dynamic methodology for identifying and addressing the target sectors and hazards which require direct intervention. Though Direct Interventions are an integral part of workplace safety and health, however lasting solutions should be there for the employers, workers to inculcate the safety and healthy culture in the workplace. OSHA would ensure that the resources devoted to achieve this goal should have the ability to replicate the agency’s effectiveness through the instillation of safety and heath values among the broad population through strict compliance, innovation and dedication. OSHA should improve its intelligence gathering, analytical and evaluation capabilities and should also ensure that they inculcate in their staff the requisite knowledge, skills, diversity and the abilities to address the concerned health and safety issues through the use of informational technology and other supportive systems (U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety & Health

Literature Review On Leadership Effectiveness Management Essay

Literature Review On Leadership Effectiveness Management Essay In the previous chapter it was discussed the purpose and reason for this investigative study on leadership effectiveness and its possible mediating affects on subordinate job satisfaction. The chapter will critically review the literature characterised the ideas and topics surrounding: This chapter will seek to critically review the literature surrounding: General concepts and models that have been developed discussed on leadership, competences and job satisfaction Influence of competences on the style of leadership Influence of leadership style on subordinate job satisfaction By reviewing existing literature will aid in highlighting, indentifying and discussing factors of a critical nature thus allowing sound understanding when taking the influences of competences on leadership style and its ripples on subordinate job satisfaction, if any. The contents of this literature review will dispense: A definition and explanation of leadership through the use of academic principles, conceptualization and models where suited. Complimented with competences profiling and subordinate job satisfaction when introduced. The critical evaluation will look at key authors and their insights in the areas of leadership styles and competences. To observe areas which have been the focal points of interest based on the topics being acknowledged, research will be made on leadership style and impact on subordinate job satisfaction. Based on what has been revealed whilst reviewing literature will allowed what has been learnt and to pin any hypostasis by what has been viewed. (Please note that some of these paths may and may not follow suit to allow for consistency) Leadership The concept of leadership has had multi attempts to define and evolve what leadership is more often or not proving to be an enigma for theorists and practitioners. These attempts have grown from fields such as management, psychology, ideology, anthropology and sociology. With so much attention Burns (1978) described the matter by stating that leadership is one of the most observed and least understood phenomena on earth (p. 2). Having been numerous attempts in defining the meaning for the term leadership, this has resulted in taking many interpretations. Stogdill (1974, citied in Northouse, 2007, Pg 2) pointed out in a review of leadership research, there are almost as many different definitions of leadership as there are people who have tried to define it. In Stogdills Handbook of Leadership that was revised and expanded by Bass in (1981) highlighted different definitions and conceptions of leadership had previously been reviewed briefly by Morris and Seeman (1950), Shartle (1951a,b , 1956), L.F. Carter (1953), C. A. Gibb (1954, 1969a), and B. M Bass (1960). This is only a small numerical amount compared to Crainer (1995 cited in Mullins 2007, pg363) that it is claimed there are over 400 definitions of leadership and it is a veritable minefield of misunderstanding and difference though which theorists and practitioners must tread warily. At best of times theoretical perspectives define the concepts being views as a trait, behavioural style, the manipulation of individuals and groups derived through interaction, influence to gain followers and the situation in which its attended. The constant upheaval of leadership suggests that many investigators see leadership as a key structural beam for organisational effectiveness and its influences on the performance; OEs arent just segmented to monetary turnover but a measure of a dependant variable that is employee job satisfaction (Robbins, 2003). Traits Theory of Leadership From the 1930s the trait theory of leadership have been under Jerry et al (1984) , Wexley et al (1984), Smelser et al (2002) Moran et al (2007) Behavioral Theories of Leadership Michigan Ohio Situational Theories of Leadership The theory of situation leadership primary principle distinguishing leadership effectiveness in an particular situation and also what leadership style is most suited to be active in that situation. Most, if not all situational theory hinges on that the style of leadership obtained by a manager should acknowledge sets of circumstances: Management elements such as competencies, personalities and drive Employee elements such as needs derived from personalities, drive and skills Group effectiveness such as task, structure and development Organisational procedures such as standards, rules, power and timing The idea of situational leadership have recognisable and influential models that circulate around this phenomenon, these are indentified as: Fiedlers Model Contingency Houses Model of Path-Goal Fiedlers Contingency Model Fieldler (1967) based his theory on explaining that two variables that have a direct impact the performance of a group. These two variables are widely known as style of leadership and situational favourability. Fiedler (1967) asserted that the most profound leadership trait and situational favourability is distinguished by their similarity that causes the effectiveness of a leader. When leadership trait is said; it is the personality that causes relationship-oriented or task-oriented leader. Fielders contingency theory has come under criticism like most theorists do. The criticism came from the likes of Ashour (1973) Vecchio, (1977) (1983) which suggest the method of measuring the variables and the empirical research conducted were insufficient in allowing for the theory to have any validly. Such an observation is farcical simply because Fiedler has spent years tuning and perfecting his well established and used theory. Houses Path-Goal Model House (1971) based his theory from Vrooms expectancy theory. House (1971) suggests in order for a leader to motivate its subordinates by a way of two means firstly to recognise between individual subordinate needs and an organisations goal(s) by understanding the relationship between the two factors and secondly the leader must state and ease the chosen course not only for the organisational goal(s) but as well as fulfilling their own individual needs. Houses path-goal theory is very much influenced on situational characteristics. Thus allowing its ability to predict the effects it has on behavioural structuring. House also suggests the expectancies and motivations in subordinates are created through the behaviour of the leader this in turn would create job satisfaction by subordinates recognising their capabilities and the weight they perceive their job would get results. Drenth et al (1998) raised a number of criticisms regarding the path-goal theory they asserted that Houses theory doesnt cultivate the collective members as a whole based on behaviour and performance. Secondly they highlight the relationship between leadership behaviours and the group may be heavily influenced by environmental interactions. Lastly it is suggested that when empirical studies are conducted using the path-goal theory most enthusiasts use standardised leadership styles to measure the variable of effectiveness. Morden Management LEADERSHIP COMPETENCIES AND SKILLS JOB SATISFACTION Fulfilment Theory Discrepancy Theory Equity Theory Herzbergs Two-Factor Theory Focal Theoretical Research Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper Row. Robbins, S.P, (2003). Organisational Behaviour. 10th Ed. Pearson Education, New Jersey Jerry, L., Gray, A., Starke, F. (1984). Organizational behaviour: Concepts and applications. New York: A Bell and Howell Co. Inc. Wexley, K, N., Yukl, G. A., (1984). Organizational behaviour and personnel psychology. US: Richard D Irwin Smelser, N, J., Baltes, P, B., (2002) International encyclopedia of the social behavioral sciences. Oxford: Elsevier Inc Moran, R. T., Harris, P,R.,, Moran, S. V., (2007) Managing cultural differences: global leadership strategies for the 21st century 7th ed. Oxford: Elsevier Mullins, Laurie J. (2007) Management and organisational behaviour / Laurie J. Mullins . 8th ed. . Harlow : Financial Times Prentice Hall Northouse, P, G., (2007) Leadership Theory and Practice 4th ed. United Kingdom: Sage Publications. Bass, B, M., (1981) Stogdills Handbook of Leadership Revised and expanded Edition. New York: The Free Press Gordon, J. R. (1987). A diagnostic approach to organizational behavior. New York: Allyn and Boston Fiedler, F. E. (1967) A Theory of Leadership Effectiveness, New York: McGraw-Hill. Vecchio, R. P. (1977) An Empirical Examination of the Validity of Fiedlers Model of Leadership Effectiveness, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 19: 180-206. Vecchio, Robert P (1983) Assessing the Validity of Fiedlers Contingency Model of Leadership Effectiveness: A Closer look at Strube and Garcia, Psychological Bulletin 93: 404-8 Ashour, A. S. (1973) The Contingency Model of Leadership Effectiveness: An Evaluation, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 9(3): 339-55. Lawler, E. E., III (1973). Motivation in work organizations. Brooks/Cole Publishing Company: Monterrey, CA. Locke, E. A. (1969). What is job satisfaction? Organizational behavior and human performance. In E. E. Lawler (1973). Motivation in work organizations. Brooks/Cole Publishing Company: Monterrey, CA. House, R, J., A Path-Goal Theory of Leadership Effectiveness, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. XVI(1971), 321-38 Drenth, D J P., Thierry, H., De Wolff, J, C., 1998 A Handbook Of Work And: Organizational Psychology united kingdom Psychology Press Ltd

Trading Peace For Profits :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the Bible says â€Å"To everything there is a season, a time for every purpose under Heaven†. Woodstock 1969, it was a time for love ... and hate. In a country with race riots and the Vietnam war a single dove perched on a guitar neck changed America for ever and brought a new light to the world in just 72 hours. Dubbed â€Å"three days of peace and love† the legacy of Woodstock spawned a sequel...Woodstock 1999. To go into all the differences between Woodstock 69 and Woodstock 99 is a task that couldn’t be completed by Woodstock 2004(which is already in the works). From psychedelic fields to Wall Street; materialistic movers and shakers of the 1980’s and ’90’s; are our parents really the long hairs of love and peace , half stoned music lovers of the sixties? When did it all change when did they change? Woodstock and what happened there after presents the changes in the views of society in a microcosm. The love and peace in 69 to a aggressive show of â€Å"teenage angst† in 99; what has the legacy of Woodstock really been Free love and communal sharing to the hyper merchandising and materialism; Idealism to Disillusionment. How we have changed...can we ever â€Å" make our way back to the garden?†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In comparing these two event one must realize the decades which separates them and more importantly what has taken place in the world since 1969. The people who were in attendance in 69. were not part of the instant access world. computers were for scientist not a tool for spanning the glob to speak about everything from the latest music to sex with your cyber friends in Australia. America was the still unquestionable the champions of the world coming out of World War II and Korea. Every child could look forward to doing as well or better than his or her parents. In other words America was riding high in a golden age with only one major pitfall; Vietnam. How does a generation tell the last generation of warrior that they don’t want to fight. The war started by the older generation is not their war. They ban together or they come together in what can only be described as a â€Å"happening† the proportions of which no one could have predicted. The peaceful shock waves of which were heard around the world, the harmony and love of which we have been trying to recapture since.

Compound Crusher with Substantial Efficiency Satisfies

China's economic climate and continuous exploitation of mineral assets, compound crusher has acquired far better improvement. SUB Mining Machinery Co. , Ltd. Is often a incredibly strong enterprise, our artificial sand making machine, excellent traits and cost-performance stands out in fierce industry competition, and that is broadly recognized through the industry. The elements influencing manufacturing efficiency of compound crusher are a variety of, of which one of the most vital elements are hardness, humidity, viscosity ND ingredient.Elements with higher harness have bigger abrasion of tools, which also lower crushing means and crushing velocity of gear at the same time. Meanwhile, production efficiency of products with wonderful humidity, viscosity and more fine powder articles is lower. Moreover, the larger necessities of fineness of crushed materials are, the reduced the crushing efficiency is. Reliable excellent, excellent overall performance, state-of-the-art engineering, r easonable structure and good wear-resistance are also the important thing aspects affecting production efficiency of compound crusher.Market place competitors Is Increasingly fierce, so, the compound crusher ought to continuously strengthen Itself to satisfy production demands. One of the most outstanding traits of compound crusher are sensible framework, reduced operational cost, high crushing efficiency, power conservation, dual perform of coarse and fine crushing, low noise and so forth. It might crush elements with higher hardness, to not mention elements with small hardness. Crushing and screening equipment application Is comparatively affordable and scientific.When applying compound crusher, take note of adjustment and mastering of crushing force. You'd better decide on a proper crushing force for each kind of supplies. , consequently realizing selective crushing. Along with Improvement and Improvement of science and technologies, financial construction puts forward higher nec essities on automation degree of mining equipment. Hence, mining enterprises must constantly Inject new technologies, accelerate upgrading of products and make Improvements to core competitiveness. Grinding media balls priceAt current, SUB compound crusher Is playing Increasingly more vital part In Infrastructure building. So that you can much better satisfy demand of Infrastructure projects and Industrial manufacturing, compound crusher need to constantly make Improvements to ablest of Independent Investigation and Innovation. Crusher enterprises should generate more crushing machines with valiantly conservation, environmental production and higher efficiency so as to create dilation contributions to environmental safety undertakings. Http:// Compound Crusher with Substantial Efficiency Satisfies Production DemandBy Livingston Market place competitors is increasingly fierce, so, the compound crusher ought to continuously strengthen itself to satisfy production demands. One of the m ost application is comparatively affordable and scientific. When applying compound decide on a proper crushing force for each kind of supplies. , consequently realizing selective crushing. Along with improvement and improvement of science and degree of mining equipment. Hence, mining enterprises must constantly inject new technologies, accelerate upgrading of products and make improvements to coreAt current, SUB compound crusher is playing increasingly more vital part in infrastructure building. So that you can much better satisfy demand of infrastructure projects and industrial manufacturing, compound crusher need to constantly make improvements to abilities of independent investigation and innovation. Crusher enterprises should generate more crushing machines with vitality conservation, environmental production and higher efficiency so as to create additional www. Heterogeneous. Com/pro]etc/artificial-sand-making-machine. HTML

Angular Projectile Motion Essay - 775 Words

Angular projectile motion is used to calculate how far an object with an initial velocity that is projected at an angle to the horizontal will travel horizontally. It can also be used to calculate the maximum height reached by the object and how long it was in the air for. When solving angular projectile motion problems, one must consider the following steps. To begin with one must calculate the horizontal acceleration of the object, keeping in mind that the vertical acceleration is 9.8 m/s2 due to gravity. In most cases one is given the angle of the ramp to the horizontal, and the velocity. If not given, the velocity can be calculated using the object’s acceleration at a given moment in time. One must then calculate the vertical and†¦show more content†¦In the movie the car lands on a yacht that is moving at a constant velocity of 35.7632 m/s. [E] and is already 33.3 m away from the ramp just as it leaves the ramp. To determine whether this scene demonstrates good or bad physics, we must determine how far the boat moves in the time that the car is in the air. To determine the distance traveled by the boat, one must use the velocity formula. We determined the velocity of the boat by using the scene from the movie which showed the car moving at 80 mph, at that exact time, the boat was clearly moving at the same velocity. We then converted the number to m/s and ended up with 35.7632 m/s. We calculated horizontal displacement to be 379.8875 m using the displacement formula. This demonstrated bad physics. In the movie the car had travelled 33.3 m, but through our calculations we came to a conclusion that the car should have travelled 380 m. This is more than 10 times the distance the car travelled in the movie. In our calculations, the initial displacement between the car and the boat, 33.3 m was calculated using a real life to a Samsung Galaxy S2x phone display ratio. This ratio was obtained by measuring the height of the actor standing upright on the yacht on the screen display using a ruler and his height in real life. We can use this ratio by measuring the initial displacement on the phone screen and multiplying it by the ratio to get the displacement in real life. Height of actor on phone screen = 0.25 cm Height ofShow MoreRelated Physics of Catapults Essay1122 Words   |  5 Pagesthe release pin was pulled. The tension on the arms pulled them forward, and the spear or rock was propelled forward by the rope in between the arms. Ballista Physics The design of the ballista is such that the force applied from the projectile comes from the tension of the twisted ropes. The ropes, when the tension is released, tend to return to their rest state with minimum tension, much like a spring would expand after being compressed. Using this similarity, the assumption can beRead MoreThe Principles Of Physics Behind The Sport1800 Words   |  8 Pageslate. 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